Guest Editorial

One of the focal issues in the secondary Social Studies (SS) syllabus in Singapore is diversity and identity in the context of globalisation. Specifically, immigration is highlighted as a major contributor to Singapore’s present diversities, and students of SS are expected to appreciate the causes and consequences of immigration, as well as the trade-offs involved. Within the school walls, Singapore’s student populations are also becoming more diverse than before, with more youth hailing from immigrant households, local-foreign marriages, and mixed-race marriage backgrounds, even though these diversities may not always be obvious on the surface.

Given these realities, it is imperative that both SS students and educators are more informed about how immigrant diversities intersect with education. This special issue of the HSSE Online seeks to make a modest contribution to this agenda. In this issue, we put the spotlight on immigrant families in Singapore, covering interconnecting themes such as home, identity formation, socio-cultural integration and education. This collection of five papers (including three “research articles” and two “findings reports”) examines how immigrant families negotiate their place in Singapore, highlighting the challenges they face and the strategies they employ to adapt to their new socio-cultural environment.

The first research article by XinTong Chen provides an interesting exploration of young mainland Chinese student migrants in Singapore, examining how their childhood education migration experiences have influenced their perceptions of home. Chen argues that young student migrants’ complex transnational networks have reshaped the geographies of their home, making it increasingly mobile and relational. However, she challenges the prevailing literature that suggests transmigrants’ home can be created anywhere, emphasising the continued significance of physical place in shaping migrants’ sense of home. Importantly, Chen’s article foregrounds children’s voices in the adult-centric migration literature, recognising their active agency in navigating transnational lives.

The remaining four papers of the issue stem from a Ministry of Education (MOE)-funded research study on immigrant parenting in Singapore (OER 09/20 YPD), led by Dr Peidong Yang. Four NTU undergraduate students (Britney Ong, Tammy Eng, Ariel Chua, and Kitty Loh) worked on Dr Yang’s project data under the university’s Undergraduate Research Experience on Campus (URECA) scheme. These four young researchers were given the necessary research training (such as coding qualitative data; thematic analysis; research writing) before they were granted access to the qualitative interview data of the project. They were mostly free to scope their analysis, and the ensuing four papers reflect their respective analytical perspectives. As all four student-researchers worked under the close supervision of Dr Yang and his research associate Lee Tat Chow, the latter two are listed as co-authors of all four papers.

The research article by Ong, Chow and Yang looks at immigrant parents’ perspectives on Singapore’s mother-tongue language (MTL) education. Among other things, the paper emphasises the importance of MTL education in maintaining cultural ties and fostering social integration, while also highlighting the unique challenges immigrant parents face in ensuring their children’s proficiency in MTL. The research paper by Eng, Chow, and Yang examines the challenges faced by immigrant parents in navigating and shaping their children’s education in Singapore. Besides unpacking some key challenges faced by immigrant parents, the paper also reveals the resourcefulness of immigrant parents and the strategies they employ to navigate and mitigate these difficulties.

The next two papers in the issue are characterised as “findings report” due to their primarily empirical nature. (Engagement with scholarly literature is not an objective here.) The paper by Chua, Chow and Yang reports preliminary and partial findings on immigrant parents’ discourses surrounding various forms of schooling or education systems. It demonstrates how such discourses inform and are intertwined with the immigrant parents’ articulations of their parenting ideologies and educational philosophies. The paper by Loh, Chow, and Yang explores how immigrant parents influence the development of their children’s identities in Singapore, particularly concerning the delicate balance between maintaining ethnic traditions and integrating into Singapore society. It is found that immigrant parents play an active role in transmitting heritage cultural values and practices to their children, with a focus on maintaining a connection to their heritage while also promoting societal integration into the host country.

Taken together, this issue brings to the fore the lived experiences of immigrant families in Singapore. The featured papers enrich our understanding of how these families – parents and children alike – navigate Singapore’s socio-cultural and educational landscape, while also highlighting their agency in devising strategies to cope with the challenges that arise from their migration status. It is hoped that these papers will offer useful empirical materials and insights in aiding students and teachers of Social Studies to better appreciate the intersections of migration, education, diversity, and identity.

 

HSSE Online is published by the HSSE Academic Group, National Institute of Education (NIE), Singapore. The overarching purpose of the journal is to energize, inform and improve teaching practice in Humanities and Social Studies education in Singapore and to provide a venue to share ideas, research and resources that will be useful to teachers and scholars.

We seek to develop and deepen knowledge and understanding of powerful and innovative research and practice in Humanities and Social Studies education. We hope you will make use of these ideas and resources as well as contribute your own.

Featured Articles

Negotiating a sense of home: mainland Chinese student migrants’ childhood education migration experiences in Singapore

Author/s:

XinTong CHEN    Keywords children’s migration international student mobility home belonging national identity Abstract As part of the rise in international student mobility, more children are venturing abroad for pre-tertiary education. These children are often embedded in the transnational social field, forging deep and ongoing familial, social-economic, and political connections across borders. Yet, to date, […]

XinTong CHEN 

 

Keywords
children’s migration
international student mobility
home
belonging
national identity

Abstract

As part of the rise in international student mobility, more children are venturing abroad for pre-tertiary education. These children are often embedded in the transnational social field, forging deep and ongoing familial, social-economic, and political connections across borders. Yet, to date, there have been limited explorations of young student migrants’ experiences of home during their educational sojourn. In this context, this paper draws on in-depth interviews and photo elicitation with 18 mainland Chinese student migrants who migrated to Singapore during childhood to explore how construction of home intertwines with educational mobility. I argue that student migrants’ complex transnational network has reshaped the geographies of their home, making it increasingly mobile and pluri-local. Their home is also associated with a set of meaningful relationships. However, this does not imply that they can produce a sense of home anywhere and everywhere. Emphasising the continuing salience of the physical qualities of a place in shaping one’s sense of home, I explore how student migrants’ home is simultaneously mobile, relational, and rooted materially.

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Immigrant Parents’ Articulation and Imaginings of the Singaporean Education System

Author/s:
, ,

Ariel Kit Yen CHUA Lee Tat CHOW  Peidong YANG    Keywords immigration immigrant parent parenting education Singapore international school bilingualism Abstract Drawing on a study into immigrant parents’ influences on children’s education in Singapore, this paper presents preliminary and partial findings on immigrant parents’ discourses surrounding various forms of schooling or education systems, specifically the […]

Ariel Kit Yen CHUA
Lee Tat CHOW 
Peidong YANG 

 

Keywords
immigration
immigrant parent
parenting
education
Singapore
international school
bilingualism

Abstract

Drawing on a study into immigrant parents’ influences on children’s education in Singapore, this paper presents preliminary and partial findings on immigrant parents’ discourses surrounding various forms of schooling or education systems, specifically the local mainstream schools, international schools, education in their countries of origin, and shadow education in Singapore. The paper demonstrates how such discourses inform and are intertwined with the immigrant parents’ articulations of their parenting ideologies and educational philosophies. It is found that immigrant parents generally hold positive views on mainstream schools in Singapore, sometimes comparing these favourably with the perceived education and culture in international schools, as well as that of their countries of origin. At the same time, immigrant parents also pointed out the drawbacks of the Singapore education system in terms of its stressful nature, which has given rise to a pervasive shadow education sector. Through talking about and reflecting on these different forms of schooling/education, immigrant parents construct their notions of a good education. However, the paper cautions that the various characteristics attributed to different types of schools/education should be understood as immigrant parents’ subjective and imaginary constructs, reflecting not so much ‘objective reality’ as their ideologies and expectations pertaining to their children’s education.

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Cultural Heritage and Identity Formation: A Study of Second-Generation Immigrant Children through Parental Perspectives in Singapore

Author/s:
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Yi Fei LOH   Lee Tat CHOW  Peidong YANG    Keywords identity immigrant education ethnic cultures Abstract This paper explores how immigrant parents influence the development of their children’s identities in Singapore, drawing on qualitative interviews with parents from diverse backgrounds. A key focus is the balance between maintaining ethnic traditions and integrating into Singapore society, […]

Yi Fei LOH  
Lee Tat CHOW 
Peidong YANG 

 

Keywords
identity
immigrant
education
ethnic cultures

Abstract

This paper explores how immigrant parents influence the development of their children’s identities in Singapore, drawing on qualitative interviews with parents from diverse backgrounds. A key focus is the balance between maintaining ethnic traditions and integrating into Singapore society, along with parents’ aspirations for their children’s national identity. It is found that immigrant parents play an active role in transmitting heritage cultural values and practices to their children, with a focus on maintaining a connection to their heritage while also promoting societal integration into the host country. This approach is particularly reflected in the parents’ discourse about their children’s linguistic maintenance and adaptation. This research adds more broadly to the understanding of the immigrant experience and its implications for social cohesion and multiculturalism in Singapore.

 

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Navigating Singapore’s Education System as an Immigrant Parent

Author/s:
, ,

Tammy ENG Jing Rou Lee Tat CHOW Peidong YANG   Keywords immigrant parent immigrant children education Abstract This paper examines the challenges faced by immigrant parents in navigating and shaping their children’s education in Singapore. It explores how the parents’ migrant backgrounds influence their actions, reactions, and coping strategies within the Singaporean education system, identifying […]

Tammy ENG Jing Rou
Lee Tat CHOW
Peidong YANG

 

Keywords
immigrant parent
immigrant children
education

Abstract

This paper examines the challenges faced by immigrant parents in navigating and shaping their children’s education in Singapore. It explores how the parents’ migrant backgrounds influence their actions, reactions, and coping strategies within the Singaporean education system, identifying patterns of behaviour specific to this group. The study reveals several challenges unique to immigrant parents, such as a lack of information about the local education system, disadvantages in the school admission process, and difficulties in providing adequate academic support to their children. Besides these challenges, the paper also highlights the resourcefulness of immigrant parents and the strategies they employ to navigate and mitigate these difficulties within an unfamiliar social and educational environment. By shedding light on the experiences of immigrant parents, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the diverse ways in which families adapt to and engage with the educational landscape in Singapore.

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Immigrant Parents and Mother Tongue Language Education in Singapore’s Bilingual System

Author/s:
, ,

Britney Qi Wen ONG Lee Tat CHOW  Peidong YANG   Keywords immigrant parents Mother Tongue Language (MTL) education Bilingualism, Singapore Abstract Bilingualism has been the cornerstone of Singapore’s language policy since 1959 (Lee & Phua, 2020). Given Singapore’s diverse population, it is crucial to understand how immigrant parents from various cultural backgrounds perceive and engage […]

Britney Qi Wen ONG
Lee Tat CHOW 
Peidong YANG

 

Keywords
immigrant parents
Mother Tongue Language (MTL) education
Bilingualism, Singapore

Abstract

Bilingualism has been the cornerstone of Singapore’s language policy since 1959 (Lee & Phua, 2020). Given Singapore’s diverse population, it is crucial to understand how immigrant parents from various cultural backgrounds perceive and engage with the country’s bilingual education system. This paper investigates the perceptions and involvement of immigrant parents in the Mother Tongue Language (MTL) component of Singapore’s bilingual education framework. The study focuses on two groups: Chinese immigrants from mainland China and non-Chinese immigrants from countries such as India and the Philippines. The research highlights immigrant parents’ positive views on bilingual education framework as a benefit of migrating to Singapore for their children’s education. Parents consider factors like future career prospects, cultural preservation, social integration, and reducing academic pressure when selecting their children’s MTL. While some face challenges in navigating their children’s MTL learning, others find their children adapt well. Nevertheless, all parents actively engage in efforts to enhance their children’s MTL proficiency, whether by enrolling them in tuition classes, incorporating language-focused activities at home, or through other supportive measures.

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The Pedagogical Affordances of Game-Based Learning: “Getting To Zero” And Pro-Environmental Action

Author/s:

Ong Zhiqing(National Institute of Education (Singapore)) Keywords Geography Junior College Secondary School In light of concerns over global warming, environmental education has been touted as a means of raising environmental consciousness and effecting transformative change. This paper evaluates the pedagogical affordances of gamification or game based learning in motivating pro-environmental action. In particular, this paper […]

Ong Zhiqing(National Institute of Education (Singapore))

Keywords
Geography
Junior College
Secondary School

In light of concerns over global warming, environmental education has been touted as a means of raising environmental consciousness and effecting transformative change. This paper evaluates the pedagogical affordances of gamification or game based learning in motivating pro-environmental action. In particular, this paper focuses on the role that a physical card game called “Getting to Zero” can play in educating students about the trade-offs that Singapore faces in order to achieving net-zero emissions. It also offers some recommendations on how educators can better incorporate this game in the classroom.

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